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機動車排放是造成霧霾天氣的重要污染源
關鍵詞： 中國 雙語 北京 污染 霧霾 空氣 機動車 排放 污染物 尾氣
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??? 編者按：過去的一周，在惡劣的天氣條件下，北京和中、東部地區很多城市都經歷了嚴重的空氣污染。數個空氣質量監測點都出現PM2.5爆表的情況。這種前所未有的嚴重污染引發了國內外媒體的廣泛關注和報道，很多市民也表達了對惡劣空氣質量的不滿。國際清潔交通委員會高級研究員Vance Wagner撰文指出，機動車排放是造成霧霾天氣的重要污染源。
國際清潔交通委員會高級研究員Vance Wagner認為，由于人們在近距離內直接暴露于機動車排放污染下，因而機動車排放在人口相對密集的城區成為最大的直接影響人類健康的污染源。隨著北京和其他中國城市機動車數量的迅猛增長，機動車帶來的污染在總體空氣污染中占的比重也越來越大。嚴格控制機動車排放的重要性應不亞于對待其他污染源如工廠和電廠。
中國需要全國性的、嚴格的機動車污染防治政策。由于車輛（尤其是重型貨車和長途客運車輛）的流動性，只有在全國范圍內實施同等嚴格的標準政策才能確保機動車污染得到切實治理而非轉移。近年來，北京市采取了一系列針對其轄區范圍內強有力的車輛污染防治措施（如實施了全國范圍內最嚴格的新機動車排放標準，及最嚴格的油品標準，并淘汰了50多萬輛高污染車輛等）。然而，從空氣質量改善上北京仍然舉步維艱。這主要是由于空氣污染的流動性和區域性，大部分北京的污染（約37％－70％）來自于周邊地區的固定和移動污染源。?
Vehicle Pollution Control Critical for Cleaner Air
Vance Wagner, a senior researcher from the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) believes stringent controls to mitigate the pollution impacts of China's motor vehicles must be a key priority in Beijing's strategy to clean up its air.
He believes Beijing has made a series of impressive steps towards controlling pollution within its own boundaries in recent years. For example, Beijing already has the most stringent vehicle standards and the highest fuel quality standards in the country, and has scrapped over 500,000 high-polluting vehicles over the past two years.
However, the city still struggles to improve air quality because perhaps 34 to 70 percent of Beijing's pollution is regional, coming from dirty vehicles and industrial sources from the surrounding provinces.
To combat the problem, Wanger suggested China must take similar actions at the national level.
"Vehicles are typically by far the largest source of human exposure to air pollution in densely packed urban areas. Plus, the contribution of vehicle emissions to air pollution in China is increasing as the population of motor vehicles in Beijing and around China continues to grow rapidly," he wrote in his blog.
The Air Quality Index for PM2.5, minute particles which can damage the lungs, in most parts of the capital exceeded 500, the highest possible index rating, for several days this past month.
The Beijing Municipal government adopted emergency response measures in some areas to deal with the heavy pollution, including halting outdoor sports activities for primary and middle schools and suspended operations at polluting construction sites and businesses.
Opinion articles reflect the views of their authors, not necessarily those of Chinagate.cn.