|
中國發展門戶網訊 同濟大學近日與聯合國環境署官員一同考察了柬埔寨的污水處理現狀,完成了《柬埔寨污水處理技術需求調研報告》,梳理了柬埔寨對市政排水管網等設施和技術的需求。
柬埔寨國內的工業體系以輕工業為主,尤其是成衣制造業占據較大份額。據柬埔寨中國制衣商會介紹,柬埔寨現有制衣廠有550家,其中成衣水洗廠約60家,中資和港臺企業約占總數的70%。
紡織品經過紡紗、染整、制衣多道工序的加工處理后一般都要經過洗水處理,以達到去污、防縮、加柔、去毛或某些特殊的視覺效果,使成衣的綜合性能更接近于常態,顏色更為自然。因此,洗衣廢水中含有少量的纖維屑以及大量的染料、漿料和洗衣時投加的化學助劑(洗滌劑、柔軟劑)等,如果不經處理直接排放將給水體帶來嚴重的污染以及水體色度的增加。
隨著社會發展程度的不斷提高,柬埔寨政府和民眾對環境問題,尤其是水體污染問題日趨重視,立法不斷完善,監管更加嚴格,強制要求企業必須對成產廢水進行處理(表1)。因此,許多水洗企業原有的簡易過濾裝置已經不能滿足現行的水質排放標準,迫切需要引進先進技術設備處理水洗廢水。
表 1柬埔寨工業廢水排放標準
No |
Parameters(項目) |
Unit (單位) |
Allowable limits for pollutant substance discharging to(限值) |
|
Protected public water area |
Public water area and sewer |
|||
1 |
Temperature |
0C |
< 45 |
< 45 |
2 |
pH |
|
6 – 9 |
5 - 9 |
3 |
BOD5 ( 5 days at 200 C ) |
mg/l |
< 30 |
< 80 |
4 |
COD |
mg/l |
< 50 |
< 100 |
5 |
Total Suspended Solids |
mg/l |
< 50 |
< 80 |
6 |
Total Dissolved Solids |
mg/l |
< 1000 |
< 2000 |
7 |
Grease and Oil |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 15 |
8 |
Detergents |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 15 |
9 |
Phenols |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.2 |
10 |
Nitrate (NO3 ) |
mg/l |
< 10 |
< 20 |
11 |
Chlorine ( free ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 2.0 |
12 |
Chloride ( ion ) |
mg/l |
< 500 |
< 700 |
13 |
Sulphate ( as SO4 ) |
mg/l |
< 300 |
< 500 |
14 |
Sulphide ( as Sulphur ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
15 |
Phosphate ( PO4 ) |
mg/l |
< 3.0 |
< 6.0 |
16 |
Cyanide ( CN ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.5 |
17 |
Barium ( Ba ) |
mg/l |
< 4.0 |
< 7.0 |
18 |
Arsenic ( As ) |
mg/l |
< 0.10 |
< 1.0 |
19 |
Tin ( Sn ) |
mg/l |
< 2.0 |
< 8.0 |
20 |
Iron ( Fe ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 20 |
21 |
Boron ( B ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 5.0 |
22 |
Manganese ( Mn ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 5.0 |
23 |
Cadmium ( Cd ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 0.5 |
24 |
Chromium ( Cr )+3 |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
25 |
Chromium ( Cr )+6 |
mg/l |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
26 |
Copper ( Cu ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
27 |
Lead ( Pb ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.0 |
28 |
Mercury (Hg ) |
mg/l |
< 0.002 |
< 0.05 |
29 |
Nickel ( Ni ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
30 |
Selenium ( Se ) |
mg/l |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
31 |
Silver ( Ag ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 0.5 |
32 |
Zinc ( Zn ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 3.0 |
33 |
Molybdenum ( Mo ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.0 |
34 |
Ammonia ( NH3 ) |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 7.0 |
35 |
DO |
mg/l |
> 2.0 |
> 1.0 |
36 |
Polychlorinated Biphenyl |
mg/l |
< 0.003 |
< 0.003 |
37 |
Calcium |
mg/l |
< 150 |
< 200 |
38 |
Magnesium |
mg/l |
< 150 |
< 200 |
39 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
mg/l |
< 3 |
< 3 |
40 |
Hexachloro benzene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |
41 |
DTT |
mg/l |
< 1.3 |
< 1.3 |
42 |
Endrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
43 |
Dieldrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
44 |
Aldrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
45 |
Isodrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
46 |
Perchloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 2.5 |
< 2.5 |
47 |
Hexachloro butadiene |
mg/l |
< 3 |
< 3 |
48 |
Chloroform |
mg/l |
< 1 |
< 1 |
49 |
1,2 Dichloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 2.5 |
< 2.5 |
50 |
Trichloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 1 |
< 1 |
51 |
Trichloro benzene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |
52 |
Hexaxhloro cyclohexene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |